What is Activated Carbon?
Activated carbon (AC) is a natural material derived from bituminous coal, lignite, wood, coconut shell etc., activated by steam and other means, and each one have different adsorption properties (e.g. bituminous carbon for high chlorine reduction capacity). Some manufacturers use various blends of carbon to achieve specific water quality and contaminants reduction (e.g. coconut shell carbon for "sweet taste").
Activated carbon surface properties are both hydrophobic and oleophilic; that is, they "hate" water but "love" oil. When flow conditions are suitable, dissolved chemicals in water flowing over the carbon surface "stick" to the carbon in a thin film while the water passes on.
This process is called adsorption. As a result of the adsorption process, activated carbon is an effective method in removing chlorine and it's by-products (TTHM's) and volatile organic compounds (carbon based VOC's). Both, man-made and naturally occurring including among others.
What other chemicals AC by it's self is not reducing?
None carbon based anions (-) and cations (+) such as arsenic, fluorides, some heavy metals, nitrate, etc.
What forms does it come in?
Most popular forms of activated carbon used in the treatment of POU drinking water filters are granular activated carbon (GAC), extruded solid carbon block (CB) and powdered activated carbon (PAC).
 
 
Quartz sand filter
Quartz sand filter can effectively remove suspended solids in the water and has significant effects on the removal of colloids, iron, organics, pesticides, manganese, bacteria, viruses and other pollutants in the water. besides advantages of small filtration resistance. large specific surface area, strong acid and alkali resistance, resistance to oxidation, PH scope of 2-13 and anti-pollution. As a unique advantages of the quartz sand filter, the filter is able to run self-adaptively through the optimization of the filter media and filter design, so that the filter material has a strong adaptivity to raw water concentration, operating conditions, pre-disposal process. i.e. the filter bed automatically forms a non-uniform state during filtration, which helps to guarantee the water quality under a variety of operating conditions and spread the filter material when backwashing, achieving good cleaning effect. The sand filter has advantages including fast filtering speed, high filtration precision and large interception capacity, etc. The filter is used in the industrial water, domestic water and municipal water systems requiring outflow turbidity of not greater than 5mg/I and complying with drinking water quality standards and for the removal of suspended solid sand solids in industrial wastewater: it can be used as ion exchange and pretreatment for softening desalination system and can also be used in the coarse filtration of water with undemanding industrial water quality, swimming pool circular processing system and cooling circulating water purification system.
 
 
Activated carbon filter
Activated carbon filter is used for the removal of color, taste, residual chlorine and organics its main mode of action is adsorption. Activated carbon is an artificial sorbent. Activated carbon has developed pore structure and huge specific surface area, so it has a strong adsorption capacity for the dissolved organics in the water, such as benzene and phenolic compounds, and has better removal efficiency for organic pollutants which are hard to be removed by biological and chemical methods, such as chroma, stench, surfactants, synthetic detergents and dyes, etc. Granular activated carbon is able to remove 85% of Ag A , Cr2 + and Cr04 A 2 in the water Through the activated carbon filter bed, the suspended solid in the water is less than 0.1 mg/L, COD removal rate is generally 40% to 50% and free chlorine is less than 0.1mg/I. It can be used as pretreatment of ion exchange, electrodialysis and reverse osmosis in pure water technology so as to remove organics, colloids and residual chlorine; it can be also used as an advanced treatment mean after the secondary treatment to ensure the quality of reusewater.
 

  




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